《科学》（20260625出版）一周论文导读

 

编译|未玖

Science,科学 25 Jun 2026, VOL 392, ISSUE 6805 

《科学》2026年6月25日 ，第392卷，出版6805期

材料科学Materials Science

Superconducting phase diagram of multilayer square-planar nickelates 

多层方立体镍酸盐的周论超导相图 

▲ 作者：Grace A. Pan, Dan Ferenc Segedin, Sophia F. R. TenHuisen, Lopa Bhatt, Harrison LaBollita, Abigail Y. Jiang, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp4440

▲ 摘要： 方立体镍酸盐中超导性的创作创造 ，为试探低温超导的文导劈脸供给了一个丰富的材料平台。可是读旧，考验考验研究在很除夜程度上局限于无量层筹划的事科RNiO₂（R为稀土元素）镍酸盐 。

研究组构建了多层方立体Nd_n+1NinO_2n+2化合物的学网相图，并创作创造了维度n = 4至8的科学超导特点。跟着n减小，出版超导各向异性因4f电子效应而演变 ，周论电子筹划特点趋近于类铜酸盐行动。文导

磁涨落在超导区和过掺杂的读旧非超导区均延续存在。

超导区与化学掺杂的事科无量层镍酸盐区堆叠，注解方立体镍酸盐在不合筹划完成编制之间既存在特点，学网也存在不合 。科学该工作为成立新型镍基超导体创建了多层模板。

▲ Abstract ： The discovery of superconductivity in square-planar nickelates has offered a rich materials platform to explore the origins of high-temperature superconductivity. However, experimental investigations have largely been limited to the infinite-layer RNiO₂(R, rare earth) nickelates. We constructed a phase diagram of multilayer square-planar Nd_n+1NinO_2n+2compounds and found signatures of superconductivity for dimensionality n = 4 to 8. Upon decreasing n, the superconducting anisotropy evolves owing to 4f electron effects, and electronic structure characteristics approach cuprate-like behavior. Magnetic fluctuations persist from within the superconducting regime and into the overdoped, nonsuperconducting regime. The superconducting regime overlaps with that of chemically doped infinite-layer nickelates, demonstrating underlying commonalities as well as differences across varying structural realizations of square-planar nickelates. Our work establishes this layered template for creating new nickel-based superconductors.

Nodeless superconducting gap and electron-boson coupling in (La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇films 

(La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇薄膜中的无节点超导能隙和电子—玻色子耦合

▲ 作者
：Jianchang Shen, Guangdi Zhou, Yu Miao, Peng Li, Zhipeng Ou, Yaqi Chen, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw8329

▲ 摘要： 气候压力下Ruddlesden-Popper双层镍酸盐薄膜中超导性的创作创造，为直接研究超导态的电子能标及其配对机制供给了契机。

研究组经由过程斥地一种超高真空低温样品淬火与传递技能，报导了对超导 (La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇薄膜的角分辨光电子能谱测量下场。沿布里渊区对角线标的方针，不美不美不雅察到约 18 毫电子伏特的超导能隙
，并伴随相干峰。该无穷能隙普及全数布里渊区，注解不存在能隙节点。

研究组在费米能级以下约 70 毫电子伏特的能量—动量色散中不美不美不雅察到一个扭结，注解存在电子—玻色子耦合 。无节点超导能隙与电子—玻色子耦合的同时不美不美不雅察 ，为邃晓 Ruddlesden-Popper 双层镍酸盐中的配对对称性及其粘合机制供给了次要熟谙。

▲ Abstract： The discovery of superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate films under ambient pressure provides an opportunity to directly investigate electronic energy scales of the superconducting state and the pairing mechanism. We report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurements of superconducting (La,Pr,Sm)₃Ni₂O₇thin films by developing an ultrahigh-vacuum cryogenic sample quenching and transfer technique. A superconducting gap of ~18 milli–electron volts with coherence peaks is observed along the Brillouin zone diagonal. The finite gap persists across the entire Brillouin zone, revealing the absence of gap nodes. A kink is observed in the energy-momentum dispersion at ~70 milli–electron volts below the Fermi level, indicating an electron-boson coupling. The simultaneous observation of a nodeless superconducting gap and electron-boson coupling provides insight into the pairing symmetry and gluing mechanism in Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelates.

化学Chemistry

Industrial-scale nanocrystalline Ni–Mo–MgO catalysts for hybrid reforming of waste to fuels 

用于烧毁物同化重整制燃料的财富级纳米晶 Ni-Mo-MgO催化剂 

▲ 作者：Seok-Jin Kim, Raghu V. Maligal-Ganesh, Javeed Mahmood, Phil Woong Kang, Aadesh Harale, Abdulrahman S. AlSuhaibani, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp5208

▲ 摘要
： 降低烃类和烧毁物碳排放的计策，必须阻拦与催化剂经久性和烧毁物预分选相干的挑衅。独霸二氧化碳（CO₂）重整低价值碳源，为将废料流转化为燃料和化学品供给了一条财富局限的路途 。

研究组斥地了一种单晶氧化镁镍钼合金纳米催化剂（NiMoCat），并将其制成合用于高压财富回响器的公斤级颗粒状。在加压CO₂前提下 
，脂肪烃（甲烷 、正丁烷）和芳烃（苯、甲苯）回响生成定量分化气，未产生发火甲烷化回响或生成丁二烯、多环芳烃等非预期氧化副产品。

放除夜制备的NiMoCat在经久运转中贯穿连接活性 ，并可完成两步法工艺：先将未经分选的烧毁物气化  ，然后在真实烟气或CO₂气流中举办同化重整
。对沼气制二甲醚线路的具体生命周期分化注解，该计策可完成与现有燃料和化学品根本行动办法兼容的可扩大年夜大年夜大年夜大年夜且可延续的CO₂独霸。

▲ Abstract： Strategies for lowering carbon emissions from hydrocarbons and waste must overcome the challenges related to catalyst durability and the presorting of waste. Reforming low-value carbon sources with carbon dioxide (CO₂) offers an industrial-scale pathway for recycling waste streams into fuels and chemicals. We developed a nickel-molybdenum alloy nanocatalyst on single-crystalline magnesium oxide (NiMoCat) in pellet form on a kilogram scale suitable for high-pressure industrial reactors. Aliphatic hydrocarbons (methane, n-butane) and aromatics (benzene, toluene) under pressurized CO₂yielded quantitative syngas without methanation or undesired oxidative by-products, such as butadiene or polyaromatics. Scaled-up NiMoCat maintains activity during long-term operation and enables a two-step process involving gasification of unsorted waste followed by hybrid reforming under realistic flue gas or CO₂flow. A detailed life-cycle analysis of biogas-to-dimethyl ether conversion showcases a scalable, sustainable CO₂utilization compatible with current fuel and chemical infrastructures.

Nano–electron volt Fourier-limited transition of a single su***ce-adsorbed molecule 

单外不雅吸附分子的纳电子伏特傅里叶极限跃迁 

▲ 作者：Masoud Mirzaei, Alexey Shkarin, Burak Gurlek, Johannes Zirkelbach, Ashley J. Shin, Irena Deperasińska, et al.

▲链接 ：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeg5014

▲摘要：高分辨率光谱学可以探测弱彼此感染和纤细气候。当然这类测量在气相和晶体资估中已经是常例独霸 ，但对外不雅吸附物种的研究还没有抵达幻想下场的光谱分辨率——即消弭退相干、使跃迁线宽由激起态寿命决意的分辨率程度
。

在这项工作中，研究组筹划了一种外不雅制备与聚积编制，可以对无机晶体外不雅上的单个分籽完成傅里叶极限电子跃迁的测量。经由过程在液氦温度下举办光谱学和超分辨显微成像
，研究组揭穿了吸附物种的光谱和空间特点
。该下场为固态物理学研究奠定了根本，有看将埃级空间分辨率与高分辨率激光光谱学相连络 。

▲ Abstract
： High-resolution spectroscopy allows the probing of weak interactions and subtle phenomena. Although such measurements are routinely performed in the gas phase and in crystalline materials, studies of adsorbed species on su***ces have previously fallen short of the ultimate spectral resolution, where dephasing is eliminated and the transition linewidth is determined by the excited-state lifetime. In this work, we devise an approach to su***ce preparation and deposition that provides access to Fourier-limited electronic transitions in single molecules on the su***ce of an organic crystal. By performing spectroscopy and super-resolution microscopy at liquid helium temperature, we shed light on the spectral and spatial features of the adsorbed species. Our results pave the way for investigations in solid-state physics, where angstrom spatial resolution can be combined with high-resolution laser spectroscopy.

地球科学Earth Science

Impact heating and the hidden Hadean 

撞击加热和隐伏的冥古宙 

▲ 作者：Tim E. Johnson, Craig O’Neill, Simon Turner and Christopher L. Kirkland

▲链接
：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aeb5402

▲摘要：冥古宙（≥40.3亿年前）时代地壳的性质尚不竭定。初期地球动力学的数值模型朴实地幔温度的独霸感染，当然有实证注解冥古宙存在凶悍的撞击通量，但这些模型但凡仅思虑内部产生发火的热量。

独霸该撞击通量的随机模型，研究组注解撞击产生发火的堆集热量在全数冥古宙时代将远远超出内部产生发火的热量。冥古宙的地壳在数千米深度以下将普及熔融 
，招致致密的富铁镁物质产生发火重力分异，并驱动地壳平均构成趋势于愈加富硅化 。

在全球局限内 ，撞击加热在39亿年后变得不再次要
，地壳得以增厚。经久性除夜海洋壳除夜致涌如今这一时代，很大年夜大年夜约并不是偶合
。

▲ Abstract： The nature of Earth’s crust during the Hadean eon [≥4.03 billion years ago (Ga)] is uncertain. Numerical models of early Earth geodynamics emphasize the control of mantle temperature but generally consider only internally derived heat, despite empirical evidence for an intense Hadean impact flux. Using a stochastic model of that flux, we show that the time-integrated heat due to impacts would have dwarfed that produced internally throughout the Hadean. Earth’s Hadean crust would have been extensively molten at depths below a few kilometers, causing gravitational segregation of dense, iron- and magnesium-rich material and driving average crustal compositions to become increasingly silica rich. Globally, impact heating would have become much less important after 3.9 Ga, allowing the crust to thicken. That enduring continental crust appeared around this time is likely not a coincidence.

古植物学Paleobotany

Diversification of angiosperm reproductive strategies predated the end-Cretaceous extinction 

被子植物繁衍计策的多样化早于白垩纪末期灭尽义务 

▲ 作者：Jaemin Lee, Dori L. Contreras, James G. Saulsbury, Garland R. Upchurch and Cindy V. Looy

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adw9457

▲摘要 ：被子植物的繁衍演变传统上被认为与白垩纪末期的生物危殆及随后的生态重组严密严密慎密密切相干。

研究组报导了新墨西哥州Jose Creek组晚坎潘期（7460万年前）一个寒带丛林中创作创造的多样且出人意表的除夜孢子（分散单位）
。近80种不合的孢子外形圭表类型注解 ，该植物群在外形特化程度上有所添加 ，其孢子体积的平均值和改削局限特别很是之除夜
，可与更生代记实相媲美。

这些创作创造注解，繁衍投进和特化的除夜幅添加产生发火在白垩纪末期灭尽义务之前
。该下场注解，白垩纪被子植物已演变出多样的分散计策 ，展示着植物介导的撒播和鳞集的被子植物整合冠层创建时分远远早于此前的熟谙。

▲ Abstract： Angiosperm reproductive evolution is traditionally linked to the end-Cretaceous biotic crisis and subsequent ecological restructuring. Here, we report diverse and unexpectedly large diaspores (dispersal units) from an in situ late Campanian (74.6 million years ago) tropical forest from the Jose Creek Formation in New Mexico. Nearly 80 distinct diaspore morphotypes demonstrate that the flora had increased morphological specialization and an exceptionally large average and range of diaspore volume comparable to the Cenozoic records. These findings suggest that substantial increases in reproductive investment and specialization preceded the end-Cretaceous extinction. Our results indicate that Cretaceous angiosperms had already evolved diverse dispersal strategies, suggesting that animal-mediated dispersal and dense, angiosperm-integrated canopies were established far earlier than was previously recognized.

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